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Tutur33
130 lines
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130 lines
7.9 KiB
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<h1 id="topic_header_text">L'instruction elif</h1>
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<a href="Lesconditionsinstructionsifelife.html">Les conditions (instructions if, elif, else)</a> ››
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts11">Une instruction </span><span class="rvts17">elif</span><span class="rvts11"> (contraction de </span><span class="rvts12">else if</span><span class="rvts11">) est toujours associée à une instruction </span><span class="rvts17">if</span></p>
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<h4 class="rvps13"><span class="rvts0"><span class="rvts64">Syntaxe</span></span></h4>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts47">if</span><span class="rvts39"> expression 1:</span><br/><span class="rvts81"> </span><span class="rvts39">bloc d'instructions 1</span><br/><span class="rvts47">elif</span><span class="rvts39"> expression 2:</span><br/><span class="rvts81"> </span><span class="rvts39">bloc d'instructions 2</span><br/><span class="rvts47">elif</span><span class="rvts39"> expression 3:</span><br/><span class="rvts81"> </span><span class="rvts39">bloc d'instructions 3 </span><span class="rvts40"># ici deux instructions elif, mais il n'y a pas de limitation</span><br/><span class="rvts47">else</span><span class="rvts39">:</span><br/><span class="rvts81"> </span><span class="rvts39">bloc d'instructions 4</span><br/><span class="rvts40"># suite du programme</span></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts25">Si l'expression 1 est vraie alors le bloc d'instructions 1 est exécuté, et on passe à la suite du programme.</span><br/><span class="rvts25">Si l'expression 1 est fausse alors on teste l'expression 2 :</span></p>
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<ul style="text-indent: 0px; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 0 24px; list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: square;">
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<li class="rvps2"><span class="rvts25">si l'expression 2 est vraie on exécute le bloc d'instructions 2, et on passe à la suite du programme.</span></li>
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<li class="rvps2"><span class="rvts25">si l'expression 2 est fausse alors on teste l'expression 3, etc.</span></li>
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</ul>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts25">Le bloc d'instructions 4 est donc exécuté si toutes les expressions sont fausses (c'est le bloc "par défaut").</span></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts25">Parfois il n'y a rien à faire.</span><br/><span class="rvts25">Dans ce cas, on peut omettre l'instruction </span><span class="rvts32">else</span><span class="rvts25">:</span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts47">if</span><span class="rvts39"> expression 1:</span><br/><span class="rvts81"> </span><span class="rvts39">bloc d'instructions 1</span><br/><span class="rvts47">elif</span><span class="rvts39"> expression 2:</span><br/><span class="rvts81"> </span><span class="rvts39">bloc d'instructions 2</span><br/><span class="rvts47">elif</span><span class="rvts39"> expression 3:</span><br/><span class="rvts81"> </span><span class="rvts39">bloc d'instructions 3</span><br/><span class="rvts40"># suite du programme</span></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts25">L'instruction </span><span class="rvts32">elif</span><span class="rvts25"> évite souvent l'utilisation de conditions imbriquées (et souvent compliquées).</span></p>
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<h4 class="rvps13"><span class="rvts0"><span class="rvts64">Exemple</span></span></h4>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts40"># script Condition5.py</span><br/><span class="rvts40"># ce script fait la même chose que Condition4.py</span><br/><span class="rvts39">note = </span><span class="rvts41">float</span><span class="rvts39">(</span><span class="rvts41">input</span><span class="rvts39">(</span><span class="rvts53">"Note sur 20 : "</span><span class="rvts39">))</span><br/><span class="rvts47">if</span><span class="rvts39"> note == 0.0:</span><br/><span class="rvts39"> </span><span class="rvts41">print</span><span class="rvts53">("C'est en dessous de la moyenne")</span><br/><span class="rvts39"> </span><span class="rvts41">print</span><span class="rvts53">("... lamentable !")</span><br/><span class="rvts47">elif</span><span class="rvts39"> note == 20.0:</span><br/><span class="rvts39"> </span><span class="rvts41">print</span><span class="rvts53">("J'ai la moyenne")</span><br/><span class="rvts39"> </span><span class="rvts41">print</span><span class="rvts53">("C'est même excellent !")</span><br/><span class="rvts47">elif</span><span class="rvts39"> note < 10.0 </span><span class="rvts47">and</span><span class="rvts39"> note > 0.0: </span><span class="rvts40"># ou bien : elif 0.0 < note < 10.0:</span><br/><span class="rvts39"> </span><span class="rvts41">print</span><span class="rvts53">("C'est en dessous de la moyenne")</span><br/><span class="rvts47">elif</span><span class="rvts39"> note >= 10.0 </span><span class="rvts47">and</span><span class="rvts39"> note < 20.0: </span><span class="rvts40"># ou bien : elif 10.0 <= note < 20.0:</span><br/><span class="rvts39"> </span><span class="rvts41">print</span><span class="rvts53">("J'ai la moyenne")</span><br/><span class="rvts47">else</span><span class="rvts39">:</span><br/><span class="rvts39"> </span><span class="rvts41">print</span><span class="rvts53">("Note invalide !")</span><br/><span class="rvts41">print</span><span class="rvts53">("Fin du programme") </span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts53">Exécuter </span><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"><span class="rvts53"> et tester</span></p>
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<h3 class="rvps12"><span class="rvts0"><span class="rvts38"><br/></span></span></h3>
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<p></p>
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<p class="rvps4" style="clear: both;"><span class="rvts15">Créé avec HelpNDoc Personal Edition: </span><a class="rvts16" href="https://www.helpndoc.com/fr">Générateur de documentation complet</a></p>
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