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Tutur33
127 lines
7.2 KiB
HTML
127 lines
7.2 KiB
HTML
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<h1 id="topic_header_text">L'instruction while</h1>
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<a href="Lesbouclesinstructionsforwhile.html">Les boucles (instructions for, while)</a> ››
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<p></p>
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<h3 class="rvps12"><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement29.png"></h3>
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<h4 class="rvps13"><span class="rvts0"><span class="rvts59">Syntaxe</span></span></h4>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts46">while</span><span class="rvts38"> expression: </span><span class="rvts39"># ne pas oublier le signe de ponctuation ':'</span><br/><span class="rvts75"> </span><span class="rvts38">bloc d'instructions </span><span class="rvts39"># attention à l'indentation</span><br/><span class="rvts39"># suite du programme</span></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts49">Si l'expression est vraie (</span><span class="rvts76">True</span><span class="rvts49">) le bloc d'instructions est exécuté, puis l'expression est à nouveau évaluée.</span><br/><span class="rvts49">Le cycle continue jusqu'à ce que l'expression soit fausse (</span><span class="rvts76">False</span><span class="rvts49">) : on passe alors à la suite du programme.</span></p>
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<h4 class="rvps13"><span class="rvts0"><span class="rvts59">Exemple : un script qui compte de 1 à 4</span></span></h4>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts39"># script Boucle1.py</span><br/><span class="rvts39"># initialisation de la variable de comptage</span><br/><span class="rvts38">compteur = 1</span><br/><span class="rvts46">while</span><span class="rvts38"> compteur < 5:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># ce bloc est exécuté tant que la condition (compteur < 5) est vraie</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts38">(compteur, compteur < 5)</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> compteur += 1 </span><span class="rvts39"># incrémentation du compteur, compteur = compteur + 1</span><br/><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts38">(compteur < 5)</span><br/><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("Fin de la boucle")</span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts52">Exécuter </span><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"><span class="rvts11"> </span></p>
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<h4 class="rvps13"><span class="rvts0"><span class="rvts59">Table de multiplication par 8</span></span></h4>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts39"># script Boucle2.py</span><br/><span class="rvts38">compteur = 1 </span><span class="rvts39"># initialisation de la variable de comptage</span><br/><span class="rvts46">while</span><span class="rvts38"> compteur <= 10:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># ce bloc est exécuté tant que la condition (compteur <= 10) est vraie</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts38">(compteur, </span><span class="rvts52">'* 8 ='</span><span class="rvts38">, compteur*8)</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> compteur += 1 </span><span class="rvts39"># incrémentation du compteur, compteur = compteur + 1</span><br/><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("Et voilà !")</span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts52">Exécuter </span><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"><span class="rvts11"> </span></p>
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<h4 class="rvps13"><span class="rvts0"><span class="rvts59">Affichage de l'heure courante</span></span></h4>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts39"># script Boucle3.py</span><br/><span class="rvts46">import</span><span class="rvts38"> time </span><span class="rvts39"># importation du module time</span><br/><span class="rvts38">quitter = </span><span class="rvts52">'n'</span><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># initialisation</span><br/><span class="rvts46">while</span><span class="rvts38"> quitter != </span><span class="rvts52">'o'</span><span class="rvts38">:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># ce bloc est exécuté tant que la condition est vraie</span><br/><span class="rvts39"> # strftime() est une fonction du module time</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts38">(</span><span class="rvts52">'Heure courante '</span><span class="rvts38">, time.strftime(</span><span class="rvts52">'%H:%M:%S'</span><span class="rvts38">))</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> quitter = input(</span><span class="rvts52">"Voulez-vous quitter le programme (o/n) ? "</span><span class="rvts38">)</span><br/><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("A bientôt")</span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts52">Exécuter </span><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"><span class="rvts11"> et tester</span></p>
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<p></p>
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<p class="rvps4" style="clear: both;"><span class="rvts15">Créé avec HelpNDoc Personal Edition: </span><a class="rvts16" href="https://www.helpndoc.com/fr/creer-des-livres-numeriques-epub">Produire des livres EPub gratuitement</a></p>
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