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Tutur33
126 lines
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126 lines
9.7 KiB
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<h1 id="topic_header_text">L'instruction else</h1>
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<a href="Lesconditionsinstructionsifelife.html">Les conditions (instructions if, elif, else)</a> ››
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<p></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts11">Une instruction </span><span class="rvts17">else</span><span class="rvts11"> est toujours associée à une instruction </span><span class="rvts17">if</span></p>
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<h4 class="rvps13"><span class="rvts0"><span class="rvts59">Syntaxe</span></span></h4>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts46">if</span><span class="rvts38"> expression:</span><br/><span class="rvts75"> </span><span class="rvts38">bloc d'instructions 1 </span><span class="rvts39"># attention à l'indentation</span><br/><span class="rvts46">else</span><span class="rvts38">: </span><span class="rvts39"># else est au même niveau que if</span><br/><span class="rvts75"> </span><span class="rvts38">bloc d'instructions 2 </span><span class="rvts39"># attention à l'indentation</span><br/><span class="rvts39"># suite du programme</span></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts11">Si l'expression est vraie (True) alors le bloc d'instructions 1 est exécuté.</span><br/><span class="rvts11">Si l'expression est fausse (False) alors c'est le bloc d'instructions 2 qui est exécuté.</span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts39"># script Condition2.py</span><br/><span class="rvts38">chaine = </span><span class="rvts40">input</span><span class="rvts38">(</span><span class="rvts52">"Note sur 20 : "</span><span class="rvts38">)</span><br/><span class="rvts38">note = </span><span class="rvts40">float</span><span class="rvts38">(chaine)</span><br/><span class="rvts46">if</span><span class="rvts38"> note >= 10.0:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># ce bloc est exécuté si l'expression (note >= 10.0) est vraie</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("J'ai la moyenne")</span><br/><span class="rvts46">else</span><span class="rvts38">:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># ce bloc est exécuté si l'expression (note >= 10.0) est fausse</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("C'est en dessous de la moyenne")</span><br/><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("Fin du programme") </span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts52">Exécuter </span><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"><span class="rvts11"> et tester</span></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts11">Pour traiter le cas des notes invalides (<0 ou >20), on peut imbriquer des instructions conditionnelles :</span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts39"># script Condition3.py</span><br/><span class="rvts38">chaine = </span><span class="rvts40">input</span><span class="rvts38">(</span><span class="rvts52">"Note sur 20 : "</span><span class="rvts38">)</span><br/><span class="rvts38">note = </span><span class="rvts40">float</span><span class="rvts38">(chaine)</span><br/><span class="rvts46">if</span><span class="rvts38"> note > 20.0 </span><span class="rvts46">or</span><span class="rvts38"> note < 0.0:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># ce bloc est exécuté si l'expression (note > 20.0 or note < 0.0) est vraie</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("Note invalide !")</span><br/><span class="rvts46">else</span><span class="rvts38">:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># ce bloc est exécuté si l'expression (note > 20.0 or note < 0.0) est fausse</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts46">if</span><span class="rvts38"> note >= 10.0:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># ce bloc est exécuté si l'expression (note >= 10.0) est vraie</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("J'ai la moyenne")</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts46">else</span><span class="rvts38">:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># ce bloc est exécuté si l'expression (note >= 10.0) est fausse</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("C'est en dessous de la moyenne")</span><br/><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("Fin du programme") </span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts52">Exécuter </span><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"><span class="rvts11"> et tester</span></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts11">On ajoute encore un niveau d'imbrication pour traiter les cas particuliers 0 et 20 :</span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts39"># script Condition4.py</span><br/><span class="rvts38">chaine = </span><span class="rvts40">input</span><span class="rvts38">(</span><span class="rvts52">"Note sur 20 : "</span><span class="rvts38">)</span><br/><span class="rvts38">note = </span><span class="rvts40">float</span><span class="rvts38">(chaine)</span><br/><span class="rvts46">if</span><span class="rvts38"> note > 20.0 </span><span class="rvts46">or</span><span class="rvts38"> note < 0.0:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("Note invalide !")</span><br/><span class="rvts46">else</span><span class="rvts38">:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts46">if</span><span class="rvts38"> note >= 10.0:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("J'ai la moyenne")</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts46">if</span><span class="rvts38"> note == 20.0:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># ce bloc est exécuté si l'expression (note == 20.0) est vraie</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("C'est même excellent !")</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts46">else</span><span class="rvts38">:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("C'est en dessous de la moyenne")</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts46">if</span><span class="rvts38"> note == 0.0:</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts39"># ce bloc est exécuté si l'expression (note == 0.0) est vraie</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("... lamentable !")</span><br/><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts52">("Fin du programme")</span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts52">Exécuter </span><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"><span class="rvts11"> et tester</span></p>
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<p></p>
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<p class="rvps4" style="clear: both;"><span class="rvts15">Créé avec HelpNDoc Personal Edition: </span><a class="rvts16" href="https://www.helpndoc.com/fr/tour-des-fonctionnalites">Créer des documents d'aide PDF facilement</a></p>
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