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Tutur33
115 lines
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HTML
115 lines
5.6 KiB
HTML
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<h1 id="topic_header_text">Les fonctions</h1>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts11">Nous avons déjà vu beaucoup de fonctions : </span><span class="rvts17">print()</span><span class="rvts66">, </span><span class="rvts17">type()</span><span class="rvts66">, </span><span class="rvts17">len()</span><span class="rvts66">, </span><span class="rvts17">input()</span><span class="rvts66">, </span><span class="rvts17">range()</span><span class="rvts11">...</span><br/><span class="rvts11">Ce sont des fonctions pré-définies (</span><a class="rvts83" href="http://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html">built-in functions</a><span class="rvts11">).</span><br/><span class="rvts11">Nous avons aussi la possibilité de créer nos propres fonctions !</span></p>
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<h3 class="rvps12"><span class="rvts0"><span class="rvts74">Intérêt des fonctions</span></span></h3>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts11">Une fonction est une portion de code que l'on peut appeler au besoin (c'est une sorte de sous-programme).</span></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts11">L'utilisation des fonctions évite des redondances dans le code : on obtient ainsi des programmes plus courts et plus lisibles.</span></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts11">Par exemple, nous avons besoin de convertir à plusieurs reprises des degrés Celsius en degrés Fahrenheit :</span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts37">>>></span><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts38">(100.0*9.0/5.0 + 32.0)</span><br/><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"><br/><span class="rvts37">>>></span><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts38">(37.0*9.0/5.0 + 32.0)</span><br/><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"><br/><span class="rvts37">>>></span><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts38">(233.0*9.0/5.0 + 32.0)</span><br/><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts11">La même chose en utilisant une fonction :</span></p>
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<p class="rvps8"><span class="rvts37">>>></span><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts46">def</span><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts41">fahrenheit</span><span class="rvts38">(degre_celsius):</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts52">""" Conversion degré Celsius en degré Fahrenheit """</span><br/><span class="rvts38"> </span><span class="rvts40">print</span><span class="rvts38">(degre_celsius*9.0/5.0 + 32.0)</span><br/><span class="rvts37">>>></span><span class="rvts38"> fahrenheit(100)</span><br/><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"><br/><span class="rvts37">>>></span><span class="rvts38"> fahrenheit(37)</span><br/><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"><br/><span class="rvts37">>>></span><span class="rvts38"> temperature = 233</span><br/><span class="rvts37">>>></span><span class="rvts38"> fahrenheit(temperature)</span><br/><img alt="" style="padding : 1px;" src="lib/NouvelElement7.png"></p>
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<p class="rvps7"><span class="rvts11">Rien ne vous oblige à définir des fonctions dans vos scripts, mais cela est tellement pratique qu'il serait improductif de s'en passer !</span></p>
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